Cluster Table , Aggregate Objects , Table , Template , Primary key , Unique Key SAP ABAP

How data is stored in cluster table

• A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables. It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

What are aggregate object 

• Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.

What is the difference between Table and Template

• table is a dynamic and template is a static

What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?

•  Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.
• Unique Key – It can be NULL.

What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?

•  SM30

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View SAP ABAP

What is view? Different types of view. Explain?


View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.

Different Types of View:

• Maintenance
•  Database – It is on more than two tables.
•  Projection – It is only on one table.
• Help

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP programming ?

advantages: 

• view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables 
• memory wastage is reduced 
• faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables 

disadvantages: 

• view is not a container,it will not hold the data 
• view memory is not permanent memory

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Sandard Table , Lock Objects , Contents in technical Specification SAP ABAP

How to add new fields to a standard sap table

•  Appended structures
•  Customizing tables

What are lock objects?


 Lock objects are nothing but which holds a data for particular field value until you remove a lock..

In Data dictionary in the table creation,What is the purpose of Technical settings.


To identify the Size of the Table Created and to Set whether buffering needs to be done for the table or not.

What are the contents in technical specifications
Ans There are five contents in Technical Settings:

•  Data Class, 
• Size Category, 
• Buffering Permission, 
• Buffering Type 
• Logging.

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Table Maintenance Generator SAP ABAP

What is table maintenance generator and how to create that? What is the transaction code?

Table maintanence generator is nothing but making a table available for adding records and deleting records.

The transaction code used is SM30.

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Buffer SAP ABAP

What is a buffer and how many types?

 Buffer is nothing but which stores data temporarily. there are two types of buffers. they are

•  Roll Area 
•  Page Areas.

Pages Area : it stores the application data.


Roll Area: it stores the data of previous pages.Data areas of used programs are created in roll areas for each internal session.

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Few names of Transparent Tables SAP ABAP

Give few names of transparent tables
Ans: A transparent table has a one to one relataionship in the database. The table in the dictionary has the same name, same no of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 table defn. A transparent tabel has application data (Master and Transaction).

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Few names of Pooled tables In SAP ABAP

Give few names of pooled tables in sap
A pool table has many to one relation with the table in the database. For one table in the database there are many tables in the dictionary. Tha table in the database has a diff name than in the table in the data dict, it has diff no of fields and field names are different. A pooled table is stored in the pool at the database level. A table pool is a databse table with a special struct that enables the data of many R3 tables to be stored in it. It can hold only pooled tables.

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Primary Key , Primary Index , Secondary Index SAP ABAP

What is Primary key, foreign key ? what is primary index? secondary index?


Primary index: 
the primary index contains key fields of a table and a pointer to non-key fields of the table.
 The primary index is created automatically when a table is created in database and moreover you can further define reference to the primary index which are known as Secondary index.

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Client dependant Table and Independent Table SAP ABAP

What are client-dependant tables and independent tables
In SAP systems we have many clients.
A client independent table contains data that can be accessed from any client. Generally these tables contain SAP control data, language indicators and transaction codes.

Client Dependent tables
contain data which is applicable to one specific client. These tables contain data related to a particular company, for eg. structure of the company, basic commercial data etc..

How to distinguish them


All client – dep tables have the field MANDT, other don’t.

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Difference between data elements and domain SAP ABAP

What is the difference between data elements and domain

Data element

ABAP/4 Development Workbench (BC-DWB)
A data element describes the contents of a field. For example, a data element contains the F1 help texts and the key
word texts (field texts) for displaying the field on the screen.
Several table fields with identical contents can refer to the same data element.

Domain

ABAP/4 Development Workbench (BC-DWB)
A domain describes the technical attributes of a table field.
These technical attributes include the data type and the field length.
Several fields with the same technical attributes can refer to the same domain. In this case, each of these fields has
the technical attributes specified in this domain.

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What Function does data dictionary perform SAP ABAP

Function That data dictionary perform

Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.

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Diff between Search Helps n Match Code Objects SAP ABAP

What are all the differences between search helps and match code objects


Match Code

Matchcodes were replaced with Search Helps starting with Release 4.0. Please use search helps to assign an input help to a field.
Existing matchcodes were automatically converted to search helps. A matchcode object is hereby converted to a collective search help with the same name. Each matchcode ID of the matchcode object is converted into an elementary search help with the same name and assigned to the collective search help created from the matchcode object.
A matchcode is a means of finding data records stored in the system. The matchcode is defined in the ABAP Dictionary in two steps:
You first define the relevant tables and fields for the search in a matchcode object. A matchcode object describes the set of all possible search paths for a search string.
You then create one or more matchcode IDs for a matchcode object. A matchcode ID describes a special search path for a search string. The matchcode ID defines the fields or field combinations to be used in the search.

Search Help


With this function you can search for objects, thereby defining and linking different selection conditions for the search help.
You can call this function by:
- Selecting Object -> Search... () in the main menu bar of the Integration Builder
- Placing the cursor on a software component version and selecting Search... () in the context menu (only in the Integration Repository)
In this case the software component version is defined as the search criteria.

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Foreign Keys SAP ABAP

What are Foreign Keys


You can define the relationships between tables in the ABAP Dictionary by creating foreign keys.Using foreign keys, you can easily create value checks for input fields. Foreign keys can also be used to link several tables in a view or a lock object.

Field Assignment in the Foreign Key

A foreign key links two tables T1 and T2 by assigning fields of table T1 to the primary key fields of table T2.
Table T1 is called the foreign key table (dependent table) and table T2 the check table (referenced table). The pair of fields for the two tables must have the same data type and length. One field of the foreign key table therefore corresponds to each key field of the check table. This field is called the foreign key field.A foreign key permits you to assign data records in the foreign key table and check table. One record of the foreign key table uniquely identifies one record of the check table using the entries in the foreign key fields.

Check Field and Value Check

One of the foreign key fields is marked as the check field. This means that the foreign key relationship is maintained for this field.
When an entry is made in the check field, there is a check whether the check table contains a record with the key defined by the values in the foreign key fields. If this is so, the entry is valid. Otherwise the system rejects the entry.
In this example the entry Field2 = 2 and Field4 = 2 would be rejected since T2 does not contain a record with the key Field5 = 2 and Field6 = 2.
If you do not want to check against all the key fields of the check table, you can exclude fields of the foreign key table from the assignment of the fields to the check table with generic and constant foreign keys.

Variants


Variants allow you to save sets of input values for programs that you often start with the same selections. You can use them for any programs except subroutine pools


SEARCH HELP


The input help (F4 help) is a standard function of the R/3 System. It permits the user to display a list of possible values for a screen field. A value can be directly copied to an input field by list selection.

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Different types of data dictionary objects

What are the different types of data dictionary objects

Data Dictionary Objects

* Tables
* Views
* Domain
* Data Element
* Type Groups
* Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
* Lock objects
* Structures
* Table Types

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SAP ABAP Data Dictionary

What is an ABAP data dictionary
ABAP/4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

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Web Dyna Pro

what is Web dyna pro
Web Dynpro (WD) is a proprietary web application user interface technology developed by SAP AG and exists in a Java Both have in general the same functionality, but usually one flavor is improved after the other, so temporary one flavor is more advanced than the other. Hence, the decision for one of the two flavors shall be based on organizational and business circumstances, but not on functionality.

Main advantages of Web Dynpro over other technologies
• typed access for design time checks, e.g. navigation links and messages are accessed via types instead of string keys like in JSF
• diverse services for backend access, like aRFC, JEE and Web Service data models
• integration with SAP Interactive Forms by Adobe, which are interactive PDF forms, during design (same IDE) and run time (data sharing)
• integration with business process management and business rules management (since NetWeaver CE 7.1 EHP 1)
• designed to support development big scale applications by adding multiple grouping layers on top of Java packages (DCs, SCs, products)
• runs on different clients e.g. web browser, mobile device, widget engine

Main disadvantages
• proprietary, running only on SAP servers
• less flexible due to support for multiple clients (i.e. custom html is not possible). To reduce the limitations, several measures have been taken. For example, WD supports so-called "islands" for e.g. flash applications that enrich the Web Dynpro UI element collection by rich UI elements.

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SAP Easy Access

What is SAP EASY ACCESS

 It displays a user menu that displays the option to perform tasks like creating & modifying transaction reports & web addresses.

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presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3

What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3
The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. All the data are stored in a centralized server. This server is called database server.

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Work Flow in SAP

What is WF and its importance
Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is reduction in throughput times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are enhanced by its use.

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IDES SAP

What is IDES


International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster learning and implementation

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